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The Making of Biblical Womanhood: How the Subjugation of Women Became Gospel Truth Kindle Edition

4.7 4.7 out of 5 stars 2,839 ratings

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USA Today Bestseller

Christianity Today 2022 Book Award Finalist (History & Biography)

Foreword INDIES 2021 Finalist for Religion

"A powerful work of skillful research and personal insight."--Publishers Weekly

Biblical womanhood--the belief that God designed women to be submissive wives, virtuous mothers, and joyful homemakers--pervades North American Christianity. From choices about careers to roles in local churches to relationship dynamics, this belief shapes the everyday lives of evangelical women. Yet biblical womanhood isn't biblical, says Baylor University historian Beth Allison Barr. It arose from a series of clearly definable historical moments.

This book moves the conversation about biblical womanhood beyond Greek grammar and into the realm of church history--ancient, medieval, and modern--to show that this belief is not divinely ordained but a product of human civilization that continues to creep into the church. Barr's historical insights provide context for contemporary teachings about women's roles in the church and help move the conversation forward.

Interweaving her story as a Baptist pastor's wife, Barr sheds light on the #ChurchToo movement and abuse scandals in Southern Baptist circles and the broader evangelical world, helping readers understand why biblical womanhood is more about human power structures than the message of Christ.
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From the brand


From the Publisher

The Making of Biblical Womanhood
The Making of Biblical Womanhood
The Making of Biblical Womanhood

Scot McKnight

Jonathan Merritt

Aimee Byrd

Editorial Reviews

From the Back Cover

It is time for Christian patriarchy to end.

Historian Beth Allison Barr shows that "biblical womanhood" isn't biblical, but arose from a series of clearly definable historical moments. She presents a better way forward for the contemporary church.

"Throughout this book, Barr talks about how her world was transformed. Readers should be ready to have their worlds transformed too.
The Making of Biblical Womanhood is about unmaking the harmful patterns of patriarchy in the church, society, and our own hearts."
--
Jemar Tisby, CEO of The Witness Inc.; New York Times bestselling author of The Color of Compromise

"This fervent, bold, and sweeping history of Christianity and patriarchy is an absolute game changer. Any future debates will need to reckon with Barr's contention that the subjugation of women has nothing to do with gospel truth."
--
Kristin Kobes Du Mez, professor, Calvin University; author of Jesus and John Wayne

"This book has the power to help Christians build a faith where 'there is neither male nor female,' to liberate women from patriarchal hierarchies, and to heal the pain inflicted by countless churches. I have waited my entire adult life for a book like this."
--
Jonathan Merritt, contributing writer for The Atlantic; author of Learning to Speak God from Scratch

"It's time--no, it's way past time--that we take a critical look at how complementarians have been leaving women leaders and teachers out of church history books and expose the movement of 'biblical womanhood' for what it is. Read this book and be challenged and encouraged."
--
Aimee Byrd, author of Recovering from Biblical Manhood and Womanhood and No Little Women

"Barr's careful historical examples drawn especially from medieval history hold together a brilliant, thunderous narrative that untells the complementarian narrative. I could not put this book down."
--
Scot McKnight, professor, Northern Seminary

"A powerful work of skillful research and personal insight."--
Publishers Weekly

About the Author

Beth Allison Barr is associate professor of history and associate dean of the Graduate School at Baylor University in Waco, Texas, where she specializes in medieval history, women's history, and church history. She is the president of the Conference on Faith and History and is a member of Christians for Biblical Equality. Barr has written for Christianity Today, the Washington Post, and Religion News Service, and is a regular contributor to The Anxious Bench, the popular Patheos website on Christian history.

Product details

  • ASIN ‏ : ‎ B08CJHYGRN
  • Publisher ‏ : ‎ Brazos Press (April 20, 2021)
  • Publication date ‏ : ‎ April 20, 2021
  • Language ‏ : ‎ English
  • File size ‏ : ‎ 4783 KB
  • Text-to-Speech ‏ : ‎ Enabled
  • Screen Reader ‏ : ‎ Supported
  • Enhanced typesetting ‏ : ‎ Enabled
  • X-Ray ‏ : ‎ Enabled
  • Word Wise ‏ : ‎ Enabled
  • Sticky notes ‏ : ‎ On Kindle Scribe
  • Print length ‏ : ‎ 252 pages
  • Customer Reviews:
    4.7 4.7 out of 5 stars 2,839 ratings

About the author

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Beth Allison Barr
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Beth Allison Barr is the U.S.A. Today’s bestselling author of The Making of Biblical Womanhood: How the Subjugation of Women Became Gospel Truth. An academic by training and a pastor’s wife by calling, Beth uses her unique voice to speak out on the relevance of medieval history to our modern world—especially concerning women in both medieval and modern Christianity. Her work is described as “smart,” “powerful,” and “a game changer” for women in modern evangelicalism.

Barr is currently the James Vardaman Professor of History at Baylor University, where she teaches both undergraduate and graduate courses, but she also speaks and writes as a public intellectual. She has been featured by NPR and The New Yorker, and her bylines include Religion News Service, The Washington Post, Christianity Today, The Dallas Morning News, Sojourners, and Baptist News Global. She also continues to write regularly on The Anxious Bench, a popular religious history blog on Patheos.

Customer reviews

4.7 out of 5 stars
4.7 out of 5
2,839 global ratings
Everyone Should Read This Book
5 Stars
Everyone Should Read This Book
“What if we realized that, even when male disciples pushed women away, Jesus always listened to women speak? Complementarianism is patriarchy, and patriarchy is about power. Neither have ever been about Jesus. […] Jesus set women free a long time ago. Isn’t it finally time for evangelical Christians to do the same?”This is a history book that blew my mind. The more I read of Barr and Du Mez, the more I see the river fashioned in the American church that many of of us swim in. As a new teenage and then young adult Christian, I was taking in these ideas in the books I was reading (fiction and non-fiction) and it actually created an idea that what I needed and wanted was a Complementarian marriage. It isn’t what I got and I’m so thankful. Within marriage, two people can come together and build it up with their strengths and help each other, without hierarchy. The same can be done everywhere else as well.We need to keep hearing the layers of stories, like the history of The Reformation. (And how it was only one of many, shown by John Dickson, author of my next history book: “Bullies & Saints: An Honest Look at the Good and Evil of Christian History.”There’s the popular phrase “check your privilege.” I’ve come to see how it helps me see where I am privileged. It also opens our eyes to river we swim in and how that influences how we see ourselves, the world, other people, and even God. The Creator gives us abilities to use in kingdom work, “let your kingdom come on earth…,” in a variety of ways and we’re all part of the Body of Christ when we believe and follow him. As a friend recently told me, “I might be a fingernail or a foot and she might be a vocal chord or a brain. I’m so thankful we are all vital to a healthy and functional Body and that God will give each of us all we need when we seek Him.” I might have a smaller skill than another man or woman, but being a woman doesn’t make me lesser than or subservient to men or less made in the image of God and brought into his family.Everyone should read this book.
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Top reviews from the United States

Reviewed in the United States on September 1, 2022
I doubt I am the target audience for this book (male, married, retired, currently attending an evangelical church). I couldn't put it down. It taught me a lot about the history of women in the evangelical branch of Christianity and the shocking lack of knowledge within evangelicalism about the history of Christianity.

I've never been comfortable or confident with the explanation of Complementarianism (the idea that men and women have unique roles) that my church defends with some interesting exceptions. The linkage to Patriarchy as explained by the author seems very clear. Her explanation of the historical (Greek/Roman culture) context within which St. Paul wrote about relationships within a household are very helpful and thought-provoking. As most people have discovered in the age of email and social media, the tone, sarcasm, humor and overall tone of written text is not easily expressed or discerned. And we have emojis and punctuation marks! St. Paul's actual intent and tone for those verses has long been debated and could easily be misconstrued.

The author relies heavily on her historical expertise in medieval history, illustrating her views with many solid historical facts about women in ministry. The current policy of complementarians on women preaching and teaching and in roles of power and influence is contradicted by so much church history. I've been aware of some of the women she discusses, while others were entirely new to me. I greatly appreciated her discussion of these bold, courageous, faithful women.

The real bombshells in the book are:
(1) the origins and intentions of the ESV translation of the Bible (now I have to find a more honest translation wherever nouns involving masculine or feminine pronouns) and,
(2) waiting for you near the end of the book, when she points out a clear alignment of Complementarianism with the Arian heresy. I am very reluctant to use the word heresy, but church doctrine regarding the Trinity has been pretty settled for over 1600 years.

One powerful question in the book for those who advocate Complementarianism requires a very thoughtful response that I've yet to see: What if you are wrong? We are all paying a very high price for this interpretation of Scripture.
I'm not a theologian or in any kind of paid position in a church. I'm sure there may be reasons why the egalitarian view (positioned by many as the opposing view) is inadequate in some way. I'll do more reading about this subject, but my lived experience and evidence in the Bible suggests that women have more to offer the church today than some in positions of power are willing to allow.

I wasn't looking for a book on this topic. I stumbled across the author on a podcast where she spoke, along with Scott McKnight with the show hosts. Deciding what to do with what I've learned from the author is going to require cunning and wisdom to keep my conscience clear as I seek to follow Jesus.
69 people found this helpful
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Reviewed in the United States on May 6, 2024
Great book for those dealing with spiritual abuse in the church and how to navigate it in a healthy manner.
Reviewed in the United States on February 17, 2024
Beth Barr is particularly qualified to speak to the historical piece of the debate. She does a great job and shares many stories that I had not heard (even though this is a topic that I’ve explored extensively). Many of the historical stories that she shares are painful to read, but by far the most difficult parts for me to read were the contemporary parts where Beth Barr shares some of her own experiences with individuals, churches, and Christian colleges/institutions. These are challenging because, like many, I’ve been complicit in allowing churches, institutions and individuals to hurt women. MLK Jr’s famous quote could be applied to me and many men in the church in regard to women: “…the Negro's great stumbling block in his stride toward freedom is not the White Citizen's Councilor or the Ku Klux Klanner, but the white moderate, who is more devoted to 'order' than to justice; who prefers a negative peace which is the absence of tension to a positive peace which is the presence of justice…” May God have mercy on us all.
14 people found this helpful
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Reviewed in the United States on April 26, 2023
This book was a lot to absorb, but it was far from boring or dry. Reading the forgotten or untold stories of women in church history was an interesting journey. Barr takes her reader through multiple perspectives of how she sees women, their role, and Scripture has been misused. She gives examples of women in the Bible whose stories are scrubbed of leadership and personality, women particularly in medieval history who didn't fit the mold, addressing how Pauline texts have been misread or applied backwards, and pointing out how gender bias may even have affected some translation work. She offers a thought provoking argument even if the reader doesn't agree.

Personally, while I found the stories of women "acting out" of assumed Christian roles and norms interesting to note, I didn't instantly see how the stories challenged how we read scripture. So, a good portion of her writing didn't really answer the questions I am asking. However, I know some people put more weight on history and church tradition than I do, so I know there is a place for this approach. This book definitely gave me some topics that I want to study more deeply though. I was shocked when she pointed out gender bias in Bible translation. I was honestly a bit skeptical, so I dug around and found there is some truth to it. I also found her chapter on Paul's writing to be a great jumping off point for some deeper study.

I understand the author's desire to expand acceptance of women's role beyond wife and mother, but to me it sounded like she offered women the option of being wife and mother or of being recognized for bigger accomplishments. As I look at the church I already see a tendency to trivialize the role of mother. It is the role for the emotional, week, easily deceived, less logical,... I wish the author had given more emphasis that women are already equal to men in their service as wives and mothers AND also should be encouraged and welcomed into broader roles.

I bought this book by accident because the title was very similar to one that I heard recommended. I really didn't intend to read all of the book critiquing biblical womanhood in one year. But, I am glad I read this book. It was a fairly thorough and well articulated look into how people can value scripture and draw different conclusions then I have always heard. This book was a useful perspective in my continued study of a biblical view on gender.

"No, the problem in the church is not strong women, but rather weak men who feel threatened by strong women, and have tried various means, even by dubious exegesis, to prohibit them from exercising their gifts and graces in the church." (Pg 87)

"the waning power of the Catholic priest was balanced by the waxing power of the Protestant husband." (Pg 116)

"The emphasis on Pauline texts by early modern reformers was born into a secular world already supported by a gender hierarchy. Rather than Protestant reformers reviving a biblical model, the were simply mapping Scripture onto a preceding secular structure. Instead of Scripture transforming society, Paul's writings were used to prop up the patriarchal practices already developing in the early modern world." (Pg 123)

"Almost forty years into her life, Hybels realized she had been living a script of what she had been taught Christian girls were supposed to be, instead of becoming the woman that God had called her to be." (Pg 198)
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Reviewed in the United States on April 2, 2024
I was raised in a conservative evangelical culture as a pastor’s kid, and I’ve had so many questions about what the Bible says about women that remained unanswered. This book was life changing for me. I cannot recommend it highly enough!
Reviewed in the United States on May 4, 2024
What an amazing tour de force. Dr Barr takes the conventional wisdom of today's American evangelical Church on the role of women, and turns it on it's head. Paul becomes an advocate. And history becomes an ally. Of a redefined role for women as spiritual leaders. Just like Ruth, Esther, Deborah, Mary Magdelene, Priscilla, Junia, and so many others.

My head is spinning, and my heart is convicted. This should change.

Top reviews from other countries

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Cliente Amazon
5.0 out of 5 stars Gostei muito!
Reviewed in Brazil on August 1, 2021
Eu gostei bastante, o resgate histórico q ela faz sobre o patriarcado e o complementarismo é muito interessante. Eu realmente desconhecia a história medieval desta perspectiva, tantos argumentos, tantos entendimentos sobre traduções enviesadas e tantas mulheres liderando na história da Igreja. É um apagamento real q fazem conosco e o cristianismo apenas reproduz o patriarcado secular.
A questão da inerrancia foi então a cereja no bolo, algo q desconfiava muito, de maneira bem superficial, mas ela explica a conexão muito claramente.
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Sonya Szabo
5.0 out of 5 stars Makes a good case against biblical male headship
Reviewed in Canada on April 25, 2021
It wasn’t sighs of relief I made when I read the 1st chapter of The Making of Biblical Womanhood. The book had just arrived in the mail after I had pre-ordered it on Amazon months ago after reading a few intriguing online articles by the author. The promise that the book would trace back to when the idea of Biblical Womanhood started in history had me hooked.

As a Christian, I’ve seen women treated as if they were second-class citizens or spiritual inferiors in the church most of my life. This has always confused me because when I read my bible this notion is not remotely expressed in any bible verses nor did Jesus treat women that way (in fact the opposite!) Over time I’ve come to understand that the concept of diminishing the power and voice of women came outside the bible I just never sure where from. I hoped this book would help me to pinpoint where it came from in history.

I opened the paperback the same evening it arrived and within the first few pages, I noticed my breathing start to quicken. There were so many disturbing historical truths written in the book I was letting out audible sighs. “Good book, eh?” my husband asked. “No-- I mean, yes! I mean, yes, it’s a good book but the stories it tells are so, so bad. It’s horrifying, really.” The sighs were sighs of disgust.

The first story the book tells is the idea of Biblical Womanhood and manhood came from patriarchy. Yep, the same patriarchy that has littered our history textbooks for millennia. It just goes by different names- like what some in the churches call "complementarianism". Patriarchy historically takes power from women and places it in the hands of men. It’s subjugating women under men’s rule and authority. The author, a professor of history, shows examples throughout ancient texts - outside of the bible- of how women were portrayed by the secular world. In these stories from a patriarchal world, women were always supporting and subsidiary, not taking the lead and written in as characters whose main role was to provide comfort for the men.

This book points out that patriarchy is the way the world has been mainly operating throughout history. Patriarchy is not the message of the bible but rather a practice Christians should turn away from. The author rightly reminds us that Christians are called to be radically different from the world in how we uphold the dignity of all people, including women.

You can see why even in just reading the first chapter I was feeling disturbed. Throughout secular history, women have been put in the same categories as slaves, children and cattle. The imbalanced way the world views women has seeped into what is supposed to be a place of refuge, hope and freedom- the church. Some churches teach the exact thing that patriarchy does: that women play a supporting role in the work of their male leaders. Patriarchy isn’t dead, it’s alive and well in 2021 in Christian churches.

Throughout Making of Biblical Womanhood, the author uncovers that patriarchy is about power, not about Jesus. In the Bible, Jesus sets all of us free. Meanwhile, in our churches, we are detained within the confines of a man-made hierarchy. <<Sigh>> For this reason, the book was a quick read. I kind of wanted to read it with my eyes closed. I had a hard time staying away from it. I finished it in about 2 days.

The author's area of expertise is medieval history so she really gets into examples and ways women were viewed and treated in the church setting in the Middle Ages in England. She also details the more recent evangelical history of the concept of biblical womanhood newly coined as complementarianism. [Spoiler alert: it was influenced by the secular world and a desire for power and status, not scripture.]

It was hard for me to see this particular delve into history as relevant. I don’t align with evangelicalism and I am looking for unambiguous biblical truths. But when I got to the chapter about bible translation I saw how the history she was laying out plays in my everyday spiritual life. Turns out, the dominant masculine-oriented way my bible reads today is not from the original text but from the biases from the English translators. This section in the book made me sigh again. But this time a sigh of relief. It was all making sense why I often felt like perhaps God’s word was somewhat more male-centred than his overall message seemed to be. If you’ve ever been confused about why God seems to direct his message to men you should know that he doesn't. It’s just what some influential people over many years of history have wanted us to think.

I was glad that the author in addition to mainly taking a look into the historical records she also dove into some biblical study. The book addresses the difficult bible verses that some use to silence and subjugate women from 1 Corinthians 11, 1 Timothy 2, Ephesians 5 etc. The author shows that these verses were written in a context of a Roman culture where women were treated as property and not thought of as equal in humanity as men. Roman patriarchy was explicitly written in their laws and in their household codes. The author details how instead of bowing to this culture of oppression, Paul (the author of many of these contentious verses) was telling us that a life in Christ means to behave in the exact opposite way!

These verses often seem like a contradiction to the overall message of the bible and the life of Jesus but The Making of Biblical Womanhood carefully lays out how these verses weren't intended to contradict the messages of freedom we all have - men AND women - in Christ but rather to amplify and celebrate it.

This book is a useful resource if you’re looking for historical evidence of the origins of Christian patriarchy (which is what I’m going to correctly begin to call it thanks to reading this book). When reading it you will see that sadly some people’s idea of what it is like to be a woman in Christ only mimics the sinful ways of the secular world.

When you read it you’ll learn that the subjugation of women is not a “timeless Godly principle” as some may claim. Christian patriarchy changes over history to suit the prevailing politicals, understanding of science or to support a prosperous lifestyle of a given time.

One thing this book lacks is what the bible actually says about women. If you’re looking for a guide to reading scripture outside the filter of patriarchy you won’t find too much here. It’s less of a book that gives a full answer to what the bible says but is more of a book that makes a strong case for Christians to stop supporting Christian patriarchy.

I will recommend this book to anyone who is willing to re-think that the Bible teaches male headship. It is my hope and prayer that one day Christians will breathe a huge sigh of relief when women are no longer left out of the church’s narrative and leadership and are treated the way Jesus and to the same extent, Paul, treated women rather than how the church’s history has treated them.
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Canadian Scot
5.0 out of 5 stars A powerful, game-changing read that opened my eyes to church history
Reviewed in the United Kingdom on March 28, 2023
One of the author's central premises is that evangelicals don't know their church history - and so they aren't able to think critically about some of the norms accepted today as 'gospel truth'. This book does just that.

The author starts by taking us back to biblical times to exegete the most controversial texts used by complementarians to prop up the modern conservative view of biblical womanhood. She draws on scholars' different interpretations of these texts to show that there are many ways of understanding and applying them, and that in fact a complementarian position is harder to maintain than an egalitarian reading.

She then traces the history of women's role in the church, from the early church right through to the present day. The author's approach is reasoned, powerful, and very rigorous. Highly, highly recommended.

--

On a personal note: this book has opened my eyes to the many ways in which my identity and mindset as a Christian woman has been formed in myriad implicit ways, and at times it's felt like a real betrayal.

For example: I was recommended Wayne Grudem's 'Systematic Theology' in university by a male mentor - who positioned it as a neutral encyclopedia of orthodox theology. He never mentioned that Grudem was a hard-line complementarian; I'm only learning that today. It's like learning that all the books I read on race actually have racism baked into them all along, but that was never called out by any of my mentors/teachers.

For example, the ESV Bible Translation was published as a response to the more gender-inclusive TNIV, and the text itself emphasises complementarian thinking. (Grudem was influential in its publication.)

While this book has certainly roused my anger and sense of injustice, it's also educated me as to the story of the church, and the influence of outside patriarchy on damaging and destructive theology.
3 people found this helpful
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Amazon Customer
5.0 out of 5 stars He-opening must read
Reviewed in Germany on January 26, 2022
Dr Barr managed to write a book that skillfully and beautifully combines both autobiographical aspects and academic research. I thought I knew a lot about this subject and the ancient world in general (I have a masters in classics), but reading Dr Barr’s book helped me connect a lot of dots. Her kind yet uncompromising approach as far as holding up gospel truth is concerned, makes “The making of biblical womanhood” a non-negotiable on every Christian’s bookshelf in my opinion. Also, it’s beautifully written. An absolute page turner.
Sandy
5.0 out of 5 stars amazing impact
Reviewed in Australia on March 18, 2024
Such a healing book, understanding the history of complementarianism (ie patriarchy) helped me understand the damage it has done in my life, & proclaims freedom for women, as Christ does.
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